Science And Research

Environmental Impacts of Mountain Biking: Science Review and Best Practices (or pdf version): -- 2007. By Jeff Marion and Jeremy Wimpey. Originally published in the book Managing Mountain Biking, this article provides an extensive review of scientific studies and best practices.
A Comparative Study of Impacts to Mountain Bike Trails in Five Common Ecological Regions of the Southwestern U.S. (pdf file): -- 2006. D. White et. al., Journal of Park and Recreation Administration (Volume 24, Number 12)
Natural Resource Impacts of Mountain Biking or (pdf version): -- 2004. By Gary Sprung. Originally published in the book Trail Solutions, this article provides a summary of scientific studies that compare mountain biking to other forms of trail travel.
Planning and Managing Environmentally Friendly Mountain Bike Trails (7.5MB pdf file): -- 2006. A 60-page guidebook by Shimano, Arizona State University, Northern Arizona University, U.S. Bureau of Land Management.
Assessing and Understanding Trail Degradation: Results from Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area (pdf file 2.3 MB): -- 2006. by Jeffrey L. Marion. Published by the U.S. National Park Service, this state-of-the-art report examines the trail impacts of different user groups and offers objective guidance on sustainable trail design, construction, maintenance and management.
Perception and Reality of Conflict: Walkers and Mountain Bikes on the Queen Charlotte Track in New Zealand or (pdf version): -- 2002. Gordon Cessford, Science and Research Unit, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.
Sustainable Mountain Biking: A Case Study from the Southwest of Western Australia or (pdf version): -- 2001. Ute Goeft & Jackie Alder, Journal Of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2001.
Trail Shock - Studies Weigh Mountain Biking and Hiking Impacts: -- 2001. New research suggests that mountain bikes and boots leave equal wear and tear on trails. AMC Outdoors Magazine, April 2001.
IMBA 1999 Advocacy Survey Summary: -- IMBA's survey of members and non-members, focused on trail access, IMBA's role, and local mountain biking opportunities.
Bibliography of Trail and Recreation Issues: -- Compiled by Don Wier.
Recreational Trail Use and Wildlife Movement: -- Abstract on wildlife movement in the Livingstone River Area, SW Alberta.
Off-Road Impacts of Mountain Bikes: A Review and Discussion - pdf file: -- 1995. by Gordon R. Cessford, New Zealand Department of Conservation Science & Research Series No.92
Effects Of Human Activity On Bald Eagles Wintering Along The Boise River: -- 1990. Masters Thesis by Robin Spar, 1990; Relevant to recreation impacts to wildlife.

Economic and Travel Research

The Economics and Benefits of Mountain Biking (2 MG PDF): --2008. Commissioned in 2008 by Shimano. A limited number of print copies are available; $1 shipping fee for domestic orders, more for international orders.
Kelowna, British Columbia Mountain Bike Statistics and Community Profile (PDF file): -- 2007. This 30-page report includes mountain biking statistics, demographics, a participant survey, interviews, demand for biking facilities, key issues and solutions, partnership opportunities, best practices, and recommendations for managing mountain biking in the Kelowna area. It serves as an initial step in preparation of a Mountain Bike Strategy. Prepared by The City of Kelowna, Regional District of Central Okanagan, and BC Parks.
Sea To Sky Mountain Biking Trails Generate $10.3 Million (pdf file): -- 2006. Study conducted by the Western Canada Mountain Bike Tourism Association (MBTA) in partnership with the Canadian Sport Tourism Alliance (CSTA).
The Economic Impact of Outdoor Recreation in the United States (pdf file): -- 2006. The Outdoor Industry Foundation's report on outdoor recreation's $730 billion contribution to the economy
The Economic Impact of Bicycling in the United States (pdf file): -- 2006. Paved and singletrack biking brings $133 billion annually to the U.S. economy.
The Economic and Social Benefits of Off-Road Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities: -- National Bicycle and Pedestrian Clearinghouse Technical Brief.
The Economic Benefits Of Mountain Biking At One Of Its Meccas: -- A travel cost model (TCM) is used to estimate the economic benefits, measured by consumer surplus, to the users of mountain bike trails near Moab, Utah.
Travel Patterns of Destination Mountain Bikers: -- 2003. Survey of IMBA members in order to gain an understanding of mountain bikers' travel patterns.

Elsewhere on the net:

Economic Impacts of Protecting Rivers, Trails and Greenway Corridors: -- Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance, National Park Service, 1995, Fourth Edition, Revised
Effects of Recreation on Rocky Mountain Wildlife: A Review for Montana: -- Montana Chapter of The Wildlife Society believes the expansion of outdoor recreational pursuits is causing adverse impacts to wildlife resources on public lands and waterways. Each chapter of the report addresses a group of Montana wildlife species and includes guidelines and recommendations designed to minimize the effects of recreation on wildlife and wildlife habitats.
Erosion Control Strategies for New Trails: -- Erosion Control. Martha S. Mitchell. 09-01-00. Step-by-step decisions about trail siting, alignment, and drainage.
Off-Road Impacts of Mountain Bikes: A Review and Discussion: -- Gordon Cessford, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand New Zealand.
Off-Road Mountain Biking: A Profile of Participants and Their Recreation Setting and Experience Preferences: -- Gordon Cessford, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand New Zealand.
Bicycling: Moving America Forward - A Bicycling Promotion Booklet (External Link): -- Bikes Belong's colorful booklet portrays bicycling and highlights its benefits to the economy, communities, health, families, and quality of life.

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	Science And Research Environmental Impacts of Mountain Biking: Science Review and Best Practices (or pdf version) -- 2007. By Jeff Marion and Jeremy Wimpey. Originally published in the book Managing Mountain Biking, this article provides an extensive review of scientific studies and best practices. A Comparative Study of Impacts to Mountain Bike Trails in Five Common Ecological Regions of the Southwestern U.S. (pdf file) -- 2006. D. White et. al., Journal of Park and Recreation Administration (Volume 24, Number 12) Natural Resource Impacts of Mountain Biking or (pdf version) -- 2004. By Gary Sprung. Originally published in the book Trail Solutions, this article provides a summary of scientific studies that compare mountain biking to other forms of trail travel. Planning and Managing Environmentally Friendly Mountain Bike Trails (7.5MB pdf file) -- 2006. A 60-page guidebook by Shimano, Arizona State University, Northern Arizona University, U.S. Bureau of Land Management. Assessing and Understanding Trail Degradation: Results from Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area (pdf file 2.3 MB) -- 2006. by Jeffrey L. Marion. Published by the U.S. National Park Service, this state-of-the-art report examines the trail impacts of different user groups and offers objective guidance on sustainable trail design, construction, maintenance and management. Perception and Reality of Conflict: Walkers and Mountain Bikes on the Queen Charlotte Track in New Zealand or (pdf version) -- 2002. Gordon Cessford, Science and Research Unit, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand. Sustainable Mountain Biking: A Case Study from the Southwest of Western Australia or (pdf version) -- 2001. Ute Goeft & Jackie Alder, Journal Of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2001. Trail Shock - Studies Weigh Mountain Biking and Hiking Impacts -- 2001. New research suggests that mountain bikes and boots leave equal wear and tear on trails. AMC Outdoors Magazine, April 2001. IMBA 1999 Advocacy Survey Summary -- IMBA's survey of members and non-members, focused on trail access, IMBA's role, and local mountain biking opportunities. Bibliography of Trail and Recreation Issues -- Compiled by Don Wier. Recreational Trail Use and Wildlife Movement -- Abstract on wildlife movement in the Livingstone River Area, SW Alberta. Off-Road Impacts of Mountain Bikes: A Review and Discussion - pdf file -- 1995. by Gordon R. Cessford, New Zealand Department of Conservation Science & Research Series No.92 Effects Of Human Activity On Bald Eagles Wintering Along The Boise River -- 1990. Masters Thesis by Robin Spar, 1990; Relevant to recreation impacts to wildlife. Economic and Travel Research The Economics and Benefits of Mountain Biking (2 MG PDF) --2008. Commissioned in 2008 by Shimano. A limited number of print copies are available; $1 shipping fee for domestic orders, more for international orders. Kelowna, British Columbia Mountain Bike Statistics and Community Profile (PDF file) -- 2007. This 30-page report includes mountain biking statistics, demographics, a participant survey, interviews, demand for biking facilities, key issues and solutions, partnership opportunities, best practices, and recommendations for managing mountain biking in the Kelowna area. It serves as an initial step in preparation of a Mountain Bike Strategy. Prepared by The City of Kelowna, Regional District of Central Okanagan, and BC Parks. Sea To Sky Mountain Biking Trails Generate $10.3 Million (pdf file) -- 2006. Study conducted by the Western Canada Mountain Bike Tourism Association (MBTA) in partnership with the Canadian Sport Tourism Alliance (CSTA). The Economic Impact of Outdoor Recreation in the United States (pdf file) -- 2006. The Outdoor Industry Foundation's report on outdoor recreation's $730 billion contribution to the economy The Economic Impact of Bicycling in the United States (pdf file) -- 2006. Paved and singletrack biking brings $133 billion annually to the U.S. economy. The Economic and Social Benefits of Off-Road Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities -- National Bicycle and Pedestrian Clearinghouse Technical Brief. The Economic Benefits Of Mountain Biking At One Of Its Meccas -- A travel cost model (TCM) is used to estimate the economic benefits, measured by consumer surplus, to the users of mountain bike trails near Moab, Utah. Travel Patterns of Destination Mountain Bikers -- 2003. Survey of IMBA members in order to gain an understanding of mountain bikers' travel patterns. Elsewhere on the net: Economic Impacts of Protecting Rivers, Trails and Greenway Corridors -- Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance, National Park Service, 1995, Fourth Edition, Revised Effects of Recreation on Rocky Mountain Wildlife: A Review for Montana -- Montana Chapter of The Wildlife Society believes the expansion of outdoor recreational pursuits is causing adverse impacts to wildlife resources on public lands and waterways. Each chapter of the report addresses a group of Montana wildlife species and includes guidelines and recommendations designed to minimize the effects of recreation on wildlife and wildlife habitats. Erosion Control Strategies for New Trails -- Erosion Control. Martha S. Mitchell. 09-01-00. Step-by-step decisions about trail siting, alignment, and drainage. Off-Road Impacts of Mountain Bikes: A Review and Discussion -- Gordon Cessford, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand New Zealand. Off-Road Mountain Biking: A Profile of Participants and Their Recreation Setting and Experience Preferences -- Gordon Cessford, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand New Zealand. Bicycling: Moving America Forward - A Bicycling Promotion Booklet (External Link) -- Bikes Belong's colorful booklet portrays bicycling and highlights its benefits to the economy, communities, health, families, and quality of life.


Help \| Site Map \| Copyright